Buchu (Agathosma betulina, A. crenultata)
Buchu is a low shrub native to the Cape region of South Africa. The dried leaves are harvested and an essential oil is obtained by steam distillation. The two primary species of Buchu used commercially are Agathosma betulina (syn. Barosma betulina) and Agathosma crenulata (syn. Barosma crenultata).
Buchu leaf preparations have a long history of use in traditional herbal medicine as a urinary tract disinfectant and diuretic. It was used to treat urinary tract infections and inflammation as well as inflammation of the prostate. In Europe, it was also used to treat gout. The original use of buchu by native peoples of southern Africa is unclear because buchu is a general term for aromatic plants. It appears to have been applied topically, possibly as an insect repellant, and also used internally for stomach problems, rheumatism and bladder problems.
The leaves of buchu contain 1.0-3.5% volatile oils as well as flavonoids. The urinary tract antiseptic actions of buchu are thought to be due to the volatile oils and the anti-inflammatory effects of the flavonoids. The primary volatile oil component thought to have antibacterial action is the monoterpene disophenol. However, one test tube study using buchu oil found no significant antibacterial effect.
The German Commission E monograph on buchu concludes there is insufficient evidence to support the modern use of buchu for the treatment of urinary tract infections or inflammation. However, many practitioners continue to recommend the herb for these conditions. Traditional recommendations for the herb include the use of 1-2 grams of the dried leaf taken three times daily in capsules or in a tea. Tinctures can be used at 2-4 cc three times per day.
Buchu may irritate the gastrointestinal irritation and should only be taken with meals. Pregnant or lactating women should not use it. Certain medications may interact with buchu. Refer to the drug interactions summary for a list of those medications. It is recommended you discuss the use of buchu and your current medication(s) with your doctor or pharmacist.
For more information see the following references:
Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics - Leung AY, Foster S
PDR for Herbal Medicines - Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C.
"Buchu--South Africa's amazing herbal remedy" - Simpson D.
Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals - Wichtl M.
A propos du Buchu - Didry N, Pinkas M.
The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines - Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A
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